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Complete list of TVDE fines, paragraph by paragraph

The 32 offences in article 25(2), organised by topic, with the rule breached, who is liable for each and which body processes it. A reference to consult, not to read in one go.

The short answer

The TVDE law has 32 offences and a single fine range for all of them: 250 to 4,500 euros for natural persons, such as drivers, and 5,000 to 44,000 euros for legal persons, such as operators and platform managers. That is what article 25(2) of the regime revised by Law no. 59/2026 says. The law does not grade the amounts by offence: there are no "minor" and "serious" fines with their own amounts. The specific amount is set by the competent body within the range, with the general regime for administrative offences applying on a subsidiary basis (article 25(4)).

What sets the offences apart is something else: who is liable for each one (article 25-B) and who processes it (article 25-A). The table below brings the three pieces of information together. For the general context of enforcement and the sticker, see the page on enforcement and fines.

How to read the table

Each row corresponds to a paragraph of article 25(2). The text is a faithful summary of the paragraph, not a literal quotation. The "rule" column shows the article of the regime whose breach the paragraph penalises. "Who is liable" follows article 25-B, which always requires the act to be attributable to that person. "Who processes" follows article 25-A.

Licences and qualifications

paragraph	offence	rule	who is liable	who processes
(b)	Carrying out the activity of TVDE operator without an IMT licence.	art. 3(1)	operator	IMT
(v)	Carrying out the activity of electronic platform manager without a licence.	art. 17(1)	platform manager	IMT
(c)	Failing to notify the IMT, or notifying late, of changes to the access or operating requirements.	art. 3(10)	operator	IMT
(k)	Failing to meet the operating requirements, including those relating to vehicles and drivers.	art. 9(1)	operator	IMT
(l)	Working as a driver without a certificate or without being registered on an electronic platform.	art. 10(1)	driver, operator and platform manager	IMT
(m)	Providing a service without having on board the TVDE driver certificate, the receipt issued by the IMT or the taxi driver certificate.	art. 10(15)	driver	IMT

Service and passengers

paragraph	offence	rule	who is liable	who processes
(a)	Providing TVDE services outside an electronic platform.	not stated in the paragraph	driver and operator	IMT
(f)	Picking up passengers on the street, on request on the spot, or at taxi ranks.	art. 5(6)	driver	IMT
(g)	Failing to comply with duties relating to the transport of passengers with reduced mobility.	art. 6	platform manager	AMT
(h)	Discriminating against passengers in access to TVDE services.	art. 7	driver, operator and platform manager	AMT
(i)	Refusing service outside the cases allowed by law.	art. 8(1)	driver	AMT
(j)	Wrongfully refusing to carry animals.	art. 8(3)	driver	AMT

Vehicles, sticker and advertising

paragraph	offence	rule	who is liable	who processes
(n)	Using vehicles in breach of the rules on registration and enrolment, validity of registration, the ban on platforms holding vehicles, type and seating capacity, age, inspection, insurance and the ban on loan-for-use and usufruct.	art. 12(1), (4) to (9) and (16) to (20)	driver and operator	IMT
(o)	Breaching the rules on displaying, issuing, using, replacing, cancelling or validating the identification sticker.	art. 12(10) and (13) to (15)	driver, operator and platform manager	IMT
(p)	Placing or displaying advertising on the vehicle outside the terms provided for taxis.	art. 12(11)	driver and operator	IMT

Driving time

paragraph	offence	rule	who is liable	who processes
(q)	Breaching the limit of ten hours of driving within a 24-hour period.	art. 13(1)	driver and operator	ACT
(r)	Failing to implement mechanisms to ensure compliance with that limit.	art. 13(2)	platform manager	ACT
(y)	Breaching the duty for the IT system to record working time and compliance with driving and rest limits.	art. 20(3)	platform manager	ACT

Price and invoice

paragraph	offence	rule	who is liable	who processes
(t)	Charging prices in breach of the rules on costs, the maximum intermediation fee of 25%, surge pricing, fixed price and electronic payment.	art. 15(2), (3), (5), (6) and (7)	platform manager	IMT
(u)	Failing to provide the price calculation formula or the electronic invoice with the required details.	art. 15(4) and (8)	platform manager	IMT

Platform: control, information and complaints

paragraph	offence	rule	who is liable	who processes
(s)	Failing to block operators, drivers or vehicles that do not meet the legal requirements.	art. 14(2)	platform manager	IMT
(w)	Failing to provide the mandatory information before and during each trip.	art. 19(1)	platform manager	AMT
(x)	Failing to provide information on complaints and alternative dispute resolution.	art. 19(2)	platform manager	AMT
(z)	Failing to keep a record of complaints and their handling for the required period of at least two years.	art. 19(3)	platform manager	AMT
(d)	Failing to send the AMT a copy of the adhesion contract templates.	art. 5(3) and art. 20(9)	platform manager	AMT
(e)	Using clauses that received an unfavourable opinion from the AMT.	art. 5(5)	platform manager	AMT

Data, supervision and contribution

paragraph	offence	rule	who is liable	who processes
(aa)	Failing to comply with the duties to join, connect, transmit, update or share data with the IMT platform, or communicating inaccurate, incomplete or outdated data.	art. 20-A	platform manager	AMT
(bb)	Failing to provide the information requested in the course of supervision.	art. 23	operator and platform manager	AMT
(cc)	Missing the deadline for the monthly report to the AMT on the activity.	art. 30(4)	platform manager	AMT
(dd)	Failing to pay the regulatory contribution on time.	art. 30(3)	platform manager	AMT
(ee)	Failing to provide the information in article 30(5), backed by the invoices and supporting evidence requested by the AMT.	art. 30(5)	platform manager	AMT
(ff)	Failing to provide or transmit the information needed to check tax and social security obligations.	art. 20-A(5) to (7)	platform manager, operator or driver, depending on the duty breached	AT or ISS

Who is liable: driver, operator or platform

Article 25-B, added in 2026, distributes the offences among the three players in the sector. The driver is liable for paragraphs (a), (f), (h), (i), (j), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p) and (q). The operator is liable for paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (h), (k), (l), (n), (o), (p), (q) and (bb). The platform manager is liable for paragraphs (d), (e), (g), (h), (l), (o), (r) to (z) and (aa) to (ee). Paragraph (ff) falls on whoever had the tax or social security duty that was not fulfilled.

Three paragraphs can reach all three players at once: discrimination against passengers, (h); a driver without a certificate or registration, (l); and the sticker rules, (o). It makes sense: a driver working without a certificate also implies an operator who let them drive and a platform that did not block them. Paragraph 5 of the same article adds that this allocation does not rule out the rules on complicity, meaning that anyone who contributes to another person’s offence can be held liable.

A useful detail for drivers: the limit of ten hours in every 24, paragraph (q), is attributed to the driver and the operator, but the obligation to have mechanisms that prevent it being exceeded, paragraph (r), and the recording of time by the IT system, paragraph (y), fall on the platform. See how this works indriving hours in TVDE.

A driver without a valid certificate makes trips through an operator on a platform

not allowed

This is paragraph (l). It can be attributed to the driver, the operator and the platform manager, each to the extent the act is attributable to them. The driver risks 250 to 4,500 euros; the operator and the platform, as legal persons, 5,000 to 44,000 euros each. The platform can also be liable under paragraph (s), if it did not block access when it knew or ought to have known.

A platform charges an intermediation fee above 25% of the value excluding VAT

not allowed

This is paragraph (t), charging prices in breach of article 15(3). Article 25-B attributes it only to the platform manager, and the case is handled by the IMT. The operator that bears the excessive commission is not liable for it.

Who processes: five bodies instead of one

In 2018 processing fell to the IMT alone, and imposing the fines to its board of directors. Article 25-A now divides the powers. The IMT takes paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (f), (k), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (s), (t), (u) and (v). The AMT takes paragraphs (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j) and (w) to (ee), excluding (y). The Authority for Working Conditions (ACT) takes paragraphs (q), (r) and (y). The Tax Authority and the Social Security Institute take paragraph (ff), depending on whether the duty is a tax or a social security one.

On-the-ground enforcement is still carried out by more bodies than these, including the GNR, the PSP and the National Data Protection Commission (article 24). When a body detects an offence outside its remit, it draws up the report and sends it to the competent body (article 25-A(3)). The final decision rests with the highest body of each entity (paragraph 4).

Attempt, negligence and special regimes

Attempt and negligence are punishable (article 25(3)). Intent is not required: forgetting to notify the IMT of a change or letting the insurance lapse through carelessness is still an offence. Paragraph 5 makes clear that these fines do not prevent the application of special penalty regimes in tax, social security, labour or data protection matters. The same situation can therefore give rise to proceedings on more than one front.

Ancillary penalty: a ban of up to two years

Along with any fine under article 25(2), a ban on carrying out the activity may be imposed (article 26). It lasts a maximum of two years, counted from the final conviction. The offender is notified to voluntarily surrender the permit to the IMT, whether licence or certificate, failing which it is seized. For a driver, losing the certificate for two years can weigh far more than the fine.

Where the money goes

Article 28 keeps 60% for the State and 20% for the IMT. The remaining 20%, which in 2018 went to the enforcement body, now goes to the public fund that finances mobility and transport measures, such as support for service provision, accessibility, fare measures, modernisation and decarbonisation.

What changed since 2018

The 2018 law had 24 paragraphs, from (a) to (x), with fines of 2,000 to 4,500 euros for natural persons and 5,000 to 15,000 euros for legal persons. The new wording has 32 paragraphs, from (a) to (ff). New, because they penalise duties that did not exist before, are paragraphs (c) notifying changes to the IMT, (d) and (e) adhesion contracts with the AMT, (aa) the data-sharing platform, (bb) the duty to provide information during supervision and (ff) tax and social security information. Paragraph (p) changes meaning: in 2018 it punished any advertising, because it was prohibited; it now punishes only advertising outside the terms of the taxi regime.

An obligation left without its own paragraph

In 2018, paragraph (m) punished failing to keep, for two years, the activity records of operators, drivers and vehicles provided for in article 13(3). In the new list, article 13 only appears with paragraphs 1 and 2. The obligation remains in the law, but no longer has a paragraph that expressly refers to it. We do not know whether this was intentional.

Frequently asked questions

What are the minimum and maximum fines under the new TVDE law?

All offences in article 25(2) have the same range: 250 to 4,500 euros for natural persons and 5,000 to 44,000 euros for legal persons. The law does not set different amounts per offence. The specific amount is decided by the competent body within that range, with the general regime for administrative offences applying on a subsidiary basis.

How much does a driver caught picking up passengers on the street pay?

Picking up passengers on the street or at taxi ranks is article 25(2)(f). It is attributed to the driver and processed by the IMT. As a natural person, the driver risks a fine of between 250 and 4,500 euros, and the ancillary penalty of a ban on the activity for up to two years may also be imposed.

Is the operator liable for the driver’s offences?

Only in the paragraphs where the law says so. Article 25-B attributes to both driver and operator, for example, providing service outside a platform, using non-compliant vehicles, advertising, the sticker and the ten-hour limit. Street pickups, refusing service and not having the certificate on board, by contrast, fall on the driver alone. In all cases liability depends on the act being attributable to that person.

Who imposes the fines: the IMT or the AMT?

It depends on the offence. Article 25-A divides the powers: the IMT handles licences, qualifications, vehicles, the sticker, price and blocking; the AMT handles passengers, refusals, platform information, data and the contribution; the ACT, the labour inspectorate, handles driving time; the Tax Authority and Social Security handle paragraph (ff). Under the 2018 law, everything went to the IMT.

Can I be fined for negligence?

Yes. Article 25(3) says attempt and negligence are punishable. There is no need to prove intent. The 2018 law already punished offences committed intentionally or negligently; express punishment of attempt is new in the 2026 wording.

Besides the fine, what else can happen?

The ancillary penalty of a ban on carrying out the activity may be imposed, for a maximum of two years from the final conviction. The offender is notified to voluntarily surrender the permit to the IMT, failing which it is seized. The law also preserves the application of special penalty regimes in tax, social security, labour and data protection matters.